Nuevos paradigmas: 12 años de trombólisis sistémica. Unidad ACV, Hospital de Clínicas / New paradigms: 12 years of systemic thrombolysis. Stroke Unit, Clinicas Hospital / Novos paradigmas: 12 anos de trombólise sistêmica. Unidade AVC, Hospital de Clínicas

Introducción: el ACV constituye un problema de salud y la trombólisis sistémica una estrategia de reperfusión con alto nivel de evidencia para su tratamiento. Los reportes nacionales sobre su utilización son escasos. Objetivos: comunicar y analizar los resultados de esta terapia en el Hospital de Clínicas. Establecer predictores de buena evolución, hemorragia intracraneana y mortalidad. Métodos: estudio observacional analítico de los pacientes trombolizados en el Hospital de Clínicas (2010-2021). Resultados: se realizó trombólisis sistémica a 268 pacientes. La mediana del NIHSS al ingreso fue 12 puntos. Un 42% fueron infartos totales de la circulación anterior. La cardioembolia constituyó la etiopatogenia más frecuente. El 59,3% de los pacientes fueron externalizados con independencia funcional y 55,2% con déficit neurológico mínimo. Las tasas de hemorragia intracraneana sintomática y mortalidad fueron 7,1% y 18,7% respectivamente. El 57% de los pacientes se trataron con tiempo puerta aguja ≤60 minutos. El porcentaje de trombólisis en el total de ACV fue 18,9%. La edad, NIHSS al ingreso e internación en unidad de ACV se comportaron como variables importantes para predecir buena evolución, hemorragia intracraneana y muerte. Discusión y conclusiones: se comunicó la mayor casuística nacional sobre el tema. Los parámetros de efectividad y seguridad del tratamiento fueron comparables a los reportados internacionalmente. Se destacaron los buenos tiempos puerta aguja y tasa trombólisis sobre ACV totales como indicadores satisfactorios de calidad asistencial. La internación en unidad de ACV se comportó como un factor predictor de independencia funcional y protector frente a mortalidad hospitalaria.

Introduction: Strokes are a health problem and systemic thrombolysis constitutes a reperfusion strategy backed up by significant evidence on its positive therapeutic impact. National reports on its use are scarce. Objectives: To report and analyze results obtained with this therapeutic approach at the Clinicas Hospital. To establish predictive factors for a good evolution, intracranial hemorrhage and mortality. Method: Observational, analytical study of thrombolysed patients at Clinicas Hospital (2010-2021). Results: Systemic thrombolysis was performed in 268 patients. Average NIHSS score was 12 points when admitted to hospital.42 % of cases were total anterior circulation infarct (TACI). Cardioembolic ischaemmic stroke was the most frequent etiopahogenesis. 59.3% of patients were discharged with functional independence and 55.2% had minimal neurologic deficit. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality rates were 7.1% and 18.7% respectively. 57% of patients were assisted within ≤60 minutes they showed up at the ER. Thrombolysis percentage in total number of strokes was 18.9%. Age, NIHSS score upon arrival to hospital and admission to the stroke unit were significant variables to predict a good evolution, intracranial hemorrhage and death. Discussion and conclusions: The large number of cases in the country was reported. Effectiveness and safety parameters for this treatment were comparable to those reported internationally. The good door-to-needle time and thrombolysis rate versus total number of strokes stood out as satisfactory indicators of healthcare quality. Admission to the stroke unit behaved as a predictive factor of functional independence and it protected patients from hospital mortality.

Introdução: o AVC é um problema de saúde sendo a trombólise sistêmica uma estratégia de reperfusão com alto nível de evidência para seu tratamento. Os dados nacionais sobre seu uso são escassos. Objetivos: comunicar e analisar os resultados desta terapia no Hospital de Clínicas. Estabelecer preditores de boa evolução, hemorragia intracraniana e mortalidade. Métodos: estudo observacional analítico de pacientes trombolisados no Hospital de Clínicas (2010-2021). Resultados: a trombólise sistêmica foi realizada em 268 pacientes. A mediana do índice NIHSS na admissão foi de 12 pontos. 42% eram infartos totais da circulação anterior. A cardioembolia foi a etiopatogenia mais frequente. 59,3% dos pacientes tiveram alta da unidade com independência funcional e 55,2% com déficit neurológico mínimo. As taxas de hemorragia intracraniana sintomática e mortalidade foram de 7,1% e 18,7%, respectivamente. 57% dos pacientes foram tratados com tempo porta-agulha ≤60 minutos. A porcentagem de trombólise no AVC total foi de 18,9%. Idade, NIHSS na admissão e internação na unidade de AVC se comportaram como variáveis importantes para prever boa evolução, hemorragia intracraniana e óbito. Discussão e conclusões: este trabajo inclui a maior casuística nacional sobre o tema. Os parâmetros de eficácia e segurança do tratamento foram comparáveis aos descritos na bibliografia internacional. Foram destacados como indicadores satisfatórios da qualidade do atendimento os bons tempos porta-agulha e taxa de trombólise em relação ao AVC total. A internação em unidade de AVC comportou-se como preditor de independência funcional e protetor contra a mortalidade hospitalar.

Resultados Funcionales y Complicaciones en pacientes asistidos en UDA-ACV Rehabilitación Instituto de Neurología - Hospital de Clínicas / Functional Results and Complications in Assisted Patients in UDA-ACV Rehabilitation Institute of Neurology - Hospital de Clínicas / Resultados Funcionais e Complicações em Pacientes Assistidos no Instituto de Neurologia de Reabilitação UDA-ACV - Hospital de Clínicas

Resumen: Introducción: el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es un importante problema de salud por su alta morbi-mortalidad; en Uruguay representa la primera causa de discapacidad en el adulto. La atención en unidades interdisciplinarias, especializadas en ACV (UACV) se vincula con una disminución en la morbi-mortalidad y mejoría en la independencia al alta. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del programa de abordaje precoz, protocolizado y sostenido, en pacientes con ACV asistidos por el Equipo de Rehabilitación integrado a la UACV del HC. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, de cohorte; con un grupo de usuarios de la UACV (n=79) versus grupo histórico (GH) de población asistida fuera del contexto de UACV (n=77). Se tomaron como indicadores: días de internación, complicaciones e impacto funcional del ACV. Resultados: ambas muestras fueron estadísticamente comparables, considerando α<0.05. En la modalidad UACV hubo una franca disminución de las complicaciones extra-neurológicas (21.5% vs 58% del GH), en especial de las infecciosas: urinarias (3.8% vs 21.8% GH) y respiratorias bajas (17.7% vs 27.3% GH); la mortalidad (5.06% vs 10.4% GH) y los días de internación (17.2 días vs 33.5 días del GH). Los pacientes presentaron mejores resultados funcionales al alta, requiriendo menor prescripción de ayudas técnicas: silla de ruedas (18% vs. 45.9% GH), andador o bastón (18% vs 21.6% GH). Conclusiones: el abordaje mediante la modalidad de UACV exhaustiva, influye positivamente en la independencia, calidad asistencial, costos asistenciales y sociales.

Abstract: Introduction: stroke is an important health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality; In Uruguay it represents the first cause of disability in the adult. Attention in interdisciplinary stoke units (SU), is associated with a decrease in morbi-mortality and improvement in independence at hospital discharged. Objective: evaluation of the impact of an early, protocolized and sustained rehabilitation program, at the stroke unit where rehabilitation team take part. Material and method: We carried out a prospective, descriptive, cohort study; with a group of SU patients (n = 79) versus historical group (HG) assisted in general hospital (n = 77). The following indicators were taken: hospitalization days, complications and functional impact of stroke. Results: Both samples were statistically comparable, considering α<0.05. In SU modality there was a frank reduction of extra-neurological complications (21.5% vs 58% of GH), especially of the urinary tract infections (3.8% vs. 21.8% HG) and respiratory infections (17.7% vs 27.3% HG); Mortality (5.06% vs 10.4% HG) and days of hospitalization (17.2 days vs 33.5 days of HG). The patients presented better functional results at hospital discharge requiring less prescription of technical aids: wheelchair (18% vs. 45.9% HG), walker or walking stick (18% vs 21.6% HG). Conclusions: the approach through an exhaustive SU modality has positive effects in patient independence, assistance quality, care and social costs.

Resumo: Introdução: o ataque cerebrovascular (CVA) é um importante problema de saúde devido à sua alta morbidade e mortalidade; No Uruguai, representa a primeira causa da deficiência no adulto. A atenção em unidades interdisciplinares, especializadas em LCA (UACV), está associada a uma diminuição da morbi-mortalidade e à melhoria da independência na alta. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do programa de tratamento precoce, protocolizado e sustentado em pacientes com AVC assistidos pela Equipe de Reabilitação Integrada à UACV do HC. Material e método: Realizamos estudo prospectivo, descritivo e de coorte; com um grupo de usuários UACV (n = 79) versus grupo histórico (GH) de população assistida fora do contexto UACV (n = 77). Foram utilizados os seguintes indicadores: dias de hospitalização, complicações e impacto funcional do AVC. Resultados: Ambas as amostras foram estatisticamente comparáveis, considerando α<0,05. Na modalidade UACV houve uma clara diminuição nas complicações extra neurológicas (21,5% vs 58% da GH), especialmente nas infecciosas: urinária (3,8% vs 21,8% GH) e baixa respiratória (17,7% vs 27,3% GH) ; mortalidade (5.06% vs 10.4% GH) e dias de internação (17.2 dias vs 33.5 dias de GH). Os pacientes apresentaram melhores resultados funcionais na alta, exigindo menos prescrição de auxiliares técnicos: cadeira de rodas (18% vs. 45,9% de GH), andador ou bastão (18% contra 21,6% de GH). Conclusões: a abrangente abordagem UACV influencia positivamente a independência, a qualidade dos cuidados, os custos sociais e de bem-estar.

Beneficial Effects of Stroke-Unit Care in Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

PURPOSE: Continuous cardiac monitoring in a stroke unit (SU) may improve detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), and SU care may improve the rate of anticoagulation by better adherence to a standardized treatment protocol in patients with AF. We investigated the effects of the SU on the detection of AF and the rate of warfarin therapy in patients with AF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute stroke patients who had been admitted before or after the opening of the SU were included in our study. SU patients were monitored continuously with electrocardiography. Rates of AF and warfarin therapy were compared between patients admitted to the SU (SU group) and those admitted to the general ward (GW) prior to the opening of the SU (GW group). RESULTS: Total 951 patients had been admitted to the GW prior to the opening of the SU (from January 2000 to November 2002), and 2349 patients to the SU (from January 2003 to December 2008). AF was found in 149 patients (15.7%) in the GW group and in 487 (20.7%) in the SU group. Most of AF detected during admission was paroxysmal AF (84.8%). The frequency of newly detected AF was higher in the SU group than the GW group (2.5% vs. 0.7%, p=0.001). The rate of anticoagulation consideration was also higher in the SU group. CONCLUSION: SU care improved the detection of AF and the rate of anticoagulation consideration in acute stroke patients. Our findings support the benefits of continuous cardiac monitoring in the SU for stroke patients.

Supplementing the effects of a stroke unit with community health services for stroke patients / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a stroke unit combined with community health services for treating stroke survivors. Methods A total of 120 stroke patients were randomly divided into a " stroke unit combined with community medicine" group ( combined group) , a stroke unit group and a general treatment group. Patients in the former 2 groups were treated in a hospital stroke unit during their hospitali-zation. The general treatment group was given conventional medical treatment. After discharge, the combined group continued to receive regular rehabilitation therapy and guidance in the form of community medical services, while the stroke unit group received follow-up only. Assessment was by means of Fugl-Meyer scores, the Barthel index and self-rating on a depression scale ( SDS). The patients were assessed at admission, on discharge and 3 months after discharge. Results There were no significant differences in average limb motor function, ability in the activities of daily living ( ADL) or depressive mood among the 3 groups on admission, but at discharge, limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined group and stroke unit groups were significantly superior to those in the general therapy group. Limb motor function and ADL ability in the combined and stroke unit groups had improved further 3 months after discharge, with more significant improvements in the combined group. No significant change in depression was observed in any group at discharge, but average depression scores in the combined and stroke unit groups improved significantly in the 3 months after discharge, and there was a statistically significant difference between the combined group and the general group. Conclusion Supplementing the work of a stroke unit with community health services significantly improves stroke patients' recovery of limb motor function and ADL ability.